Terminology related to industrial circulating cooling treatment

(1) The meaning of terms related to the circulating cooling water treatment system:
       Recirculation cooling water: refers to the cooling water that is returned to the cooling structure for cooling after heat exchange, and is recycled after necessary treatment.
       Once-through cooling water: Cooling water that is discharged after only one use during the cooling process.
       Direct cooling water: Cooling water that directly contacts and exchanges heat with the cooled substance.
       Indirect cooling water: Cooling water that indirectly exchanges heat with the cooled substance through heat exchange equipment.
       Make-up water: In a circulating cooling water system, water that needs to be continuously replenished due to evaporation, wind blowing, leakage, and pollution losses.
       Side stream: Fully flows out of the circulating cooling water, undergoes appropriate treatment, and then returns to the system.
       Blowdown: In the cooling water system, to avoid excessive concentration of salts due to evaporation, it is necessary to discharge the water supply system.
       Recirculation cooling water system: A water supply system that exchanges heat and cools the cooling water, which is used for recycling. It includes two types: open and closed.
       On through cooling water system: A water supply system in which cooling water is discharged after only one use.
       Open circulation cooling water system: A water supply system in which the cooling water is cooled by the evaporation effect of the water after heat exchange, and recycled for use.
       Closed circulation cooling water system: A water supply system in which cooling water (usually softened water or desalinated water) exchanges heat in a closed system, is cooled by air heat exchange equipment or water water heat exchange equipment, and is recycled for use.

(2) The terms and meanings of scaling and corrosion in the treatment of circulating cooling water:
       Scale: A scale layer formed by the deposition of slightly soluble salts in water on the heat exchange surface.
       Fouling: Any accumulation of insoluble substances in the cooling water system.
       Slime biological fouling: A viscous substance produced by microorganisms and their mucus, mixed with other organic and inorganic impurities, that adheres to the surface of an object.
       Fouling resistance: The heat transfer resistance caused by deposits on the heat exchange surface.
       Biological sludge content: The concentration of sludge in circulating cooling water measured using the biological filter method.
       Corrosion: The process of deterioration and destruction of various materials under the influence of environmental media. In cooling water treatment, it mainly refers to the damage caused by electrochemical or microbial action on the metal surface.
       General corrosion: basically uniform corrosion on the entire metal surface.
       Localized corrosion: Corrosion that is concentrated in certain parts of the metal surface.
       Underdeposit corrosion: Corrosion caused by deposits on metal surfaces.
       Pitting: Local corrosion on a metal surface that is relatively concentrated in a small area.
       Corrosion rate: The weight of metal material loss per unit area per unit time, or the average concentration thickness of metal material loss per unit time.
       Pitting factor: The ratio of the maximum pitting depth of a metal material or corrosion specimen to the average surface loss depth calculated by weight loss.

(3) The terms and meanings of water treatment in the circulating cooling process:
       Scale inhibition: The process of using wheel or physical methods to prevent the formation of deposits on the heating surface of heat exchange equipment.
       Corrosion inhibition: The process of inhibiting or delaying the corrosion of metals.
       Corrosion prevention: refers to the process of preventing various materials from being corroded in various environments.
       Cycle of concentration: The ratio of dissolved solids concentrated due to evaporation in circulating cooling water to dissolved solids in supplementary water, or the ratio of supplementary water flow to sewage flow.
       Volume content of system: The total amount of cooling water capacity in an open circulating cooling water system. This includes the total amount of water flow during the operation of heat exchange equipment, cooling towers, water tanks, pipelines, and water pumps in the system.
       Saturation index (Langelier index): An index derived from theoretical formulas to qualitatively predict the tendency of calcium carbonate precipitation or dissolution in water. Expressed as the difference between the actual pH value of water and its theoretical calculated pH value under equilibrium conditions of calcium carbonate.
       Stabilization index (Langelier index): An index derived from an empirical formula to quantitatively predict the tendency of calcium carbonate precipitation or dissolution in water. Expressed as the difference between twice the theoretical calculated pH value of water in calcium carbonate under equilibrium conditions and the actual pH value of water.
       Cooling water treatment: refers to the various treatments of cooling water in the system. Generally, it includes treatment to control scaling, fouling, corrosion, and microbial growth.
       Side stream treatment: The treatment of filtering, softening, and removing certain ions or other impurities from the side stream in the system to control the water quality of the circulating cooling water to not exceed the specified indicators.
       Make-up water treatment: The treatment of make-up water in a circulating cooling water system. Except for the precipitation typically used to remove suspended solids and colloids from water. In addition to filtration treatment, it can also include treatments such as sterilization, algae removal, softening or desalination, and degassing.
       Acidification: A method of scale inhibition. Generally, sulfuric acid is used. After adding sulfuric acid to the cooling water, calcium carbonate in the water can be converted into highly soluble calcium sulfate to prevent the formation of calcium carbonate precipitation.
       Microbiological control: In a cooling water system, the treatment of metal corrosion and the formation of slime to control the proliferation of bacteria and algae in the water.
       Side stream filtration: Filter the side stream of the circulating cooling water system. Abbreviated as side flow.
       Pre filming: After cleaning the cooling water system, the pre filming agent is put into operation to form a complete protective film covering the metal surface of the heat exchange equipment pipeline.
       Degradation: The decomposition of a substance caused by biological action.
       Monitoring coupon: A standard coupon used to obtain data on corrosion or deposition phenomena in a cooling water system or under laboratory conditions.
       Corrosion coupon: Used to test the corrosiveness of water and monitor the coupon in flowing cooling water.

(4) The terms and meanings of chemicals used in the treatment of circulating cooling water:
       1) Scale inhibitor: An agent that hinders or delays the deposition of insoluble salts in water.
       2) Dispersant: An agent that suspends and disperses particles separated from water.
       3) Corrosion inhibitor: An agent that inhibits or delays the process of metal corrosion.
       4) Biocide: An agent used to kill aquatic organisms.
       5) Pre filming agent: An agent used in circulating cooling water systems to form a protective film on metal surfaces.
       6) Stripping agent: An agent that can remove organisms and their generated slime from the metal surface of a heat exchanger or the wall of a cooling tower.
       7) Surfactant: An agent that can significantly reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
       8) Defoaming agent: a kind of surfactant used to eliminate secret production and foam in water treatment process. www.jiashengsz.com